The Earliest Chinese Landscape Painting

Chinese landscape painting is the most profound precipitation in the thoughts of Chinese literati. The cultural consciousness of traveling in mountains and rivers, with mountains as virtues and water as the inner cultivation of consciousness, have always become the main axis of landscape painting interpretation. Nowadays, many people like to buy Chinese famous paintings as home decoration and hang them on the wall of the study or room.

From Chinese landscape painting, we can concentrate on the artistic conception, style, charm and hue. No other painting discipline can give Chinese people more emotions than landscape painting.

Chinese landscape painting is at least a thousand years earlier than Western landscape painting. The earliest landscape paintings we can see today are "Spring Outing" by Zhan Ziqian in the Sui Dynasty.

The Earliest Chinese Landscape Painting - Spring Outing

The author of "Spring Outing" is Zhan Ziqian. He went through three dynasties of the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the Sui Dynasty. He is particularly good at painting landscapes, pavilions, figures, and horses. His painting techniques are very delicate. Zhan Ziqian used to paint murals in monasteries in Luoyang, Chang'an and other places. It is also because of the unique style he created that he is known as "the ancestor of Tang painting".

Zhan Ziqian
The theme of this painting is Spring Tour. Although the size is not large, the scene in the picture is very open Within a limited size, it depicts the magnificent scenery of mountains and rivers, which makes viewers linger.

Two literati
On the left of the picture is a mass of green trees. In the gaps between the trees, two literati can be seen writing poems. In the center of the picture is an open scene of the river. The entire river is vast and endless. It looks exceptionally clear and crystal. To the right of the picture is a towering hill with green grass, and the levels are very clear.


"Spring Outing" is now collected in the Palace Museum in Beijing. In addition to its artistic significance, the process of its return to the Forbidden City has also attracted people's attention. During the Qing Dynasty, "Spring Outing" was collected by the Qing government. Later, the Qing Dynasty was destroyed, and the imperial emperor Pu Yi brought it to the collection of the pseudo palace.

In 1945, Japan surrendered and Pu Yi fled, only about one hundred precious calligraphy and paintings were carried around. The rest of the thousand ancient books, calligraphy, and paintings were occupied by warlords, and some were inhabited by the people, destroyed by the puppet army. At that time, due to the turmoil in the country, the Palace Museum was unable to protect the national treasure. Many jewelers and collectors spontaneously organized folk forces to "rescue" the national treasure. In this way, "Spring Outing" was jointly acquired by the six antique shops at the time.

In 1946, "Spring Outing" was purchased by Zhang Boju. The negotiated price was 200 taels. For the painting, he sold his set of big courtyard houses in Beijing and supplemented some of his savings to barely make 170 taels.

In 1952, Zhang Boju donated "Spring Outing" and his scrolls of Chinese landscape paintings to the country for free.

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